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PATH: usr / share / doc / python-docs-2.7.5 / html / _sources / library

:mod:`filecmp` --- File and Directory Comparisons
=================================================

.. module:: filecmp
   :synopsis: Compare files efficiently.
.. sectionauthor:: Moshe Zadka <moshez@zadka.site.co.il>

**Source code:** :source:`Lib/filecmp.py`

--------------

The :mod:`filecmp` module defines functions to compare files and directories,
with various optional time/correctness trade-offs. For comparing files,
see also the :mod:`difflib` module.

The :mod:`filecmp` module defines the following functions:

.. function:: cmp(f1, f2[, shallow])

Compare the files named *f1* and *f2*, returning ``True`` if they seem equal,
   ``False`` otherwise.

Unless *shallow* is given and is false, files with identical :func:`os.stat`
   signatures are taken to be equal.

Files that were compared using this function will not be compared again unless
   their :func:`os.stat` signature changes.

Note that no external programs are called from this function, giving it
   portability and efficiency.

.. function:: cmpfiles(dir1, dir2, common[, shallow])

Compare the files in the two directories *dir1* and *dir2* whose names are
   given by *common*.

Returns three lists of file names: *match*, *mismatch*,
   *errors*.  *match* contains the list of files that match, *mismatch* contains
   the names of those that don't, and *errors* lists the names of files which
   could not be compared.  Files are listed in *errors* if they don't exist in
   one of the directories, the user lacks permission to read them or if the
   comparison could not be done for some other reason.

The *shallow* parameter has the same meaning and default value as for
   :func:`filecmp.cmp`.

For example, ``cmpfiles('a', 'b', ['c', 'd/e'])`` will compare ``a/c`` with
   ``b/c`` and ``a/d/e`` with ``b/d/e``.  ``'c'`` and ``'d/e'`` will each be in
   one of the three returned lists.

Example::

>>> import filecmp
   >>> filecmp.cmp('undoc.rst', 'undoc.rst') # doctest: +SKIP
   True
   >>> filecmp.cmp('undoc.rst', 'index.rst') # doctest: +SKIP
   False

.. _dircmp-objects:

The :class:`dircmp` class
-------------------------

:class:`dircmp` instances are built using this constructor:

.. class:: dircmp(a, b[, ignore[, hide]])

Construct a new directory comparison object, to compare the directories *a* and
   *b*. *ignore* is a list of names to ignore, and defaults to ``['RCS', 'CVS',
   'tags']``. *hide* is a list of names to hide, and defaults to ``[os.curdir,
   os.pardir]``.

The :class:`dircmp` class compares files by doing *shallow* comparisons
   as described for :func:`filecmp.cmp`.

The :class:`dircmp` class provides the following methods:

.. method:: report()

Print (to ``sys.stdout``) a comparison between *a* and *b*.

.. method:: report_partial_closure()

Print a comparison between *a* and *b* and common immediate
      subdirectories.

.. method:: report_full_closure()

Print a comparison between *a* and *b* and common subdirectories
      (recursively).

The :class:`dircmp` class offers a number of interesting attributes that may be
   used to get various bits of information about the directory trees being
   compared.

Note that via :meth:`__getattr__` hooks, all attributes are computed lazily,
   so there is no speed penalty if only those attributes which are lightweight
   to compute are used.

.. attribute:: left

The directory *a*.

.. attribute:: right

The directory *b*.

.. attribute:: left_list

Files and subdirectories in *a*, filtered by *hide* and *ignore*.

.. attribute:: right_list

Files and subdirectories in *b*, filtered by *hide* and *ignore*.

.. attribute:: common

Files and subdirectories in both *a* and *b*.

.. attribute:: left_only

Files and subdirectories only in *a*.

.. attribute:: right_only

Files and subdirectories only in *b*.

.. attribute:: common_dirs

Subdirectories in both *a* and *b*.

.. attribute:: common_files

Files in both *a* and *b*

.. attribute:: common_funny

Names in both *a* and *b*, such that the type differs between the
      directories, or names for which :func:`os.stat` reports an error.

.. attribute:: same_files

Files which are identical in both *a* and *b*, using the class's
      file comparison operator.

.. attribute:: diff_files

Files which are in both *a* and *b*, whose contents differ according
      to the class's file comparison operator.

.. attribute:: funny_files

Files which are in both *a* and *b*, but could not be compared.

.. attribute:: subdirs

A dictionary mapping names in :attr:`common_dirs` to :class:`dircmp` objects.

Here is a simplified example of using the ``subdirs`` attribute to search
recursively through two directories to show common different files::

>>> from filecmp import dircmp
    >>> def print_diff_files(dcmp):
    ...     for name in dcmp.diff_files:
    ...         print "diff_file %s found in %s and %s" % (name, dcmp.left,
    ...               dcmp.right)
    ...     for sub_dcmp in dcmp.subdirs.values():
    ...         print_diff_files(sub_dcmp)
    ...
    >>> dcmp = dircmp('dir1', 'dir2') # doctest: +SKIP
    >>> print_diff_files(dcmp) # doctest: +SKIP

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